How Many Authors To Use Et Al

Is a latin abbreviation for and others for a reference list entries list the first 20 author names.

How many authors to use et al. Et al is an abbreviation for the latin phrase et alia which means and others. Cite only the first author followed by et al. When should i use et al in apa in text citations. Meaning and others is used to shorten in text citations with three or more authors. To continue the previous example you would write the names of the two authors as potter harry and luna lovegood 3 use the abbreviation et al.

For a work with up to 20 authors include all of the names in the reference. For sources with three to five authors list all the authors the first time and use et al only in subsequent citations. With in text citation is there. Any time you have more than two authors the potential for using et al. Social acceptance of carbon capture and storage is necessary for the introduction of technologies van alphen et al 2007.

Three or more authors. If the work has four or more authors editors the abbreviation et al should be used after the first author s name. According to lai and sookochoff 2018 in apa 7 for a work with three or more authors list the first author and et al for all citations including the first citation unless doing so would create ambiguity. Cairns et al 2009 or cairns et al. Use an ampersand before the last author s name.

It is also acceptable to use et al after the first author if the work has three authors. For sources with six or more authors use et al from the first citation. The abbreviation et al. When the work has 21 or more authors include only the first 19 names an ellipsis and the final name see this guideline in the fifth and sixth bullets in section 9 8 of the publication manual and example 4 in chapter 10. The seventh edition guideline is as follows.

However it is not used in reference lists. Apa format requires that you cite all of the authors at the first mention if there are three four or five and use et al afterward. If there are at least six authors then you may use et al from the first mention. For works with 3 or more authors. Only include the first author s last name followed by et al a comma and the year of publication for example taylor et al 2018.